PEP mask

This page explains about a PEP mask and what to expect when your child comes to Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH).

PEP stands for Positive Expiratory Pressure. It is a treatment to help people who have difficulty clearing sputum (phlegm) from their lungs.

The equipment consists of a facemask with a range of coloured expiratory resistors and a manometer (pressure gauge). The manometer checks the pressure at which you are breathing out.

To put the PEP mask system together see photograph below.

When you breathe out through the PEP mask with one of the resistors in place pressure builds up in your lungs. This helps to keep the airways open wide and also allows air to get behind sputum and help move it upwards.

Each of the different coloured PEP mask resistors has a hole in it. The larger the hole in the resistor, the harder it is to maintain the required pressure (10 to 20 cm H₂O) on the manometer. Therefore the sequence of valves acts as a progression from the ‘easiest’, black, to the ‘hardest’, brown.

Your physiotherapist will show you how to use the mask. This guide is a reminder for you.

1. Treatment can be carried out in sitting with your elbows on a table, or lying on your side in a postural drainage position. The PEP mask should be held firmly to your face.
2. Take a normal breath in through the mask and then breathe out through the mask. You should breathe out slightly harder than normal.
3. The attached manometer will show you what pressure you are reaching. The pressure needs to be between 10 and 20 cm H₂O.
4. About eight to ten breaths are taken through the mask.
5. Following this, you should put the mask down and do huffing and coughing to clear any sputum. You should then have a period of relaxed breathing before you continue.

Chest pain, shortness of breath or a small amount of blood in the phlegm are often associated with a chest infection, but can also be caused by other CF complications. This is extremely rare but if it does happening during chest physiotherapy, please stop
the treatment and contact the CF team for advice.

You should rinse all parts of your PEP mask in lukewarm water and clean it with a conventional washing detergent. All parts should then be rinsed again and dried thoroughly before reassembly. You should not leave your PEP mask in direct sunlight as it may crack.

You should sterilise your PEP mask at least once a week using a steam steriliser or by putting it in a clean bowl of boiling water. Do not use a microwave steriliser.

Do not store the PEP mask on a windowsill or in direct sunlight. When it is dry, you should either wrap it in a lint-free cloth, place it in the bag provided or put it in a clean
plastic container with a lid and keep it in a dust-free environment.